History of AP

 History

Hyderabad royality:

Nizam-VII, the richest man in the world(1940) with the fortune of $2 billion which is double the annual revenue of Indian Government (1950). Contributed to the  world war-I to the British and Osmania general hospital, high-court, central library, assembly hall, Arts college, irrigation projects in around Hyderabad, Hyderabad state bank, Singareni mines, Government printing press, iron factory, VST, Nizam Sugar Factory, glass factory, nizam college, medical college, azam jahi mills, RTC, sirpur paper mills, allwyn metals and many other  great monumental  infrastructure  were  developed with good cement roads & under ground drainage system in Hyderabad  before  independence.

Now the turn of "Seemaandhra" on the prosperity of the glorious Telangana… 

Pre  1953

ANDHRA	HYDERABAD STATE
Madras Presidency state. British rule , western culture with exposure to modern developed  society. Good English education, increased intellectual capacity  which diversified. 1947 freedom from britishers. 1950 demanded for separate state. 1953 formed Andhra state with Kurnool as the capital with a deficit budget of rupees 5 crore.	*1953-55 Sayyid Fazal Ali States reorganization committee  *Nizam state .  *Nizam rule, traditional, not exposed to modern developments. * Poor education, Urdu dominant, restricted to traditional occupations.  *Till 1948 under the suppression of Nizam private army..Razakars led to Telangana peasant armed struggle to drive away zamindars, doras, & deshmukhs.  *1948-56 as separate state in India

—Read:- SRC report Para 386 and 388 which recommends separate statehood for 8 telugu speaking districts of Telangana and comments of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru at Nizamabad on 5.3.1956

— On 1.Nov.1956 United state Andhra Pradesh was formed against the wishes of Telangana.

SRC REPORT

History and statistics of Telangana and Andhra regions:

· It is yet to be established about the point of origin of the Telugu language. Telugu is a predominant language in Southern part of India. Speakers of Telugu are spread from Deccan region to the East coast region of India.

· Hyderabad state had total 16 districts: 8 Telangana + 5 Marat Wada + 3 Kannada speaking districts.

· Nizam dynasty ruled it from 1724 to 1948.

· Struggle against the king started somewhere in 1943 and it reached new heights after 17th August 1947 as king refused to join the Indian union as he had an idea of making it a part of Pakistan.

· Police action started on September 13th and on September 17th of 1948 Hyderabad state became a part of Indian Union.

· Telangana saw its 1st elected government of Boorgula Ramakrishna Rao in 1952, the 4 years vacuum in government sector was filled by people of Andhra region.

· Then started the MULKI struggle (mulk stands for state in Urdu), GAIR MULKI GO BACK was the slogan at that time. It was a very simple but effective tactic by the Govt of India to control the people, officers from Andhra region were placed to monitor the activities in Telangana, for example police of Telangana state was formed by constables from Telangana region and officers from Andhra region.

Andhra Rastra creation and role of Sri Potti Sri Ramulu Garu:


On 19th of October 1952 Sri Potti Sri Ramulu Garu started indefinite hunger strike for separation of Telugu speaking people from Madras presidency, with Madras as its capital. He died on 15th December 1952 the 63rd day of fasting and Delhi cleared the way for Andhra Rastra, and on 1st October 1953 Andhra Rastra was created with Kurnool as capital. But our great leaders and stupid students of Andhra Pradesh will praise him as the father of AP on every November 1st.



STATE REORGANISATION COMMISSION (SRC) 1953:


There was a demand for language based state in several parts of the country and so among few Telugu speaking people of south India. SRC was commissioned by Delhi and was headed by Supreme Court judge Fazal Ali. He clearly mentioned that 8 Telugu speaking districts of Hyderabad state should be clubbed into a state called Telangana and if interested in future its assembly must vote with 2/3rd majority so that Telangana can be a part of a United Telugu state.

He made points both for and against the unification:

AGAINST unification:
1. It is not good to merge two regions which are unequal in development

2. Andhra is in deficit budget and Telangana is in surplus and there is every danger of the surplus being used by deficit region

3. People of Andhra are well versed with English and telugu education if a state is unified under telugu banner then Telangana people will be the losers because for generations telugu was not administrative language (Urdu was the administrative language here)

4. Telangana is a plateau region where as the Andhra is plain and fertile utilization of water resources will be unequal under a unified state.

FOR unification:

1. Andhra region will benefit from the infrastructure of Hyderabad and hence the problem of their capital (read it as capital in tents) will be solved.

2. Both regions can exchange food and mineral resources so that there can be an all around development. (now anyone can easily verify what amount of minerals Telangana lost to this unified state but what amount of food it got in return)

FORMATION OF ANDHRA PRADESH:


In 1956 C.M’s (chief ministers) of Hyderabad and Andhra Rastra met in Hyderabad, and leaders from both regions participated in it. ANDHRA leaders: Bejawada Gopal Reddy, Neelam Sanjeev Reddy, Alluri Satyanarayana Raju, Gautu Lacchnna TELANGANA leaders: Boorgula Ramakirshna Rao, konda Venkata Reddy, Marri Chenna Reddy, J.V. Narsimhlu

Both the groups came to an agreement on the formation of state and on 1st November 1956. Thus Andhra Pradesh became 1st state which formed on basis of language. (Leaders made a mockery of democracy don’t they know how things are run in a democracy? Did they seek permission of people from both the regions for the unification? The attitude was similar to Scottish noble men, in English we call it Horse trading.

· The then P.M Jawaharlal Nehru on 5th march 1955 while he was in tour of Nizamabad district of Telangana state was asked to comment on Andhra Pradesh state, in reply he made a statement “EK MASOOM BHOLI BHALI LADKI KO EK NATKAT LADKE KE SAAT SHAADI KIYA JAA RAHA HAI, CHAHE TOH WOH MILKE REH SAKTE HAI YA BICHAD SAKTE HAI”. We need to know a bit poetry and politics to understand this, he said an innocent girl(Telangana) is being wed to a clever boy (Andhra Rasthram) it is of their choice to continue or to get separated. Here he speaks about a plebiscite ie., a referendum (people can vote yes or no in it). When will government seek the decision by direct vote?

What Happened after Merging

The main points of the treaty made during unification:


1. If one region gets post of chief minister then the other region has to get the post of deputy chief minister and out of ministries of home, finance, revenue, trade, planning , industries any of the two ministries should be given to Telangana MLA’s. (as soon as Sanjeev reddy of Andhra region became CM
of AP he abolished the post of Deputy CM)

2. Prohibition of liquor consumption in Andhra region but not in Telangana ( the excise amount collected in Telangana was used by AP but not Telangana)

3. Cost of administration should be in ratio of 2:1 (Andhra: Telangana) (the surplus of Telangana which was left by Nizam was used by AP state)

4. Appointment for jobs on ratio of population (now the qualifications were set high which made the Urdu educated youth as unqualified)

5. If there is a need to remove government job holders then they should be removed in equal ratio (if the recruitment is not in a equal ratio don’t expect the removal to be in equal ratio)

6. Residence of 12 years was compulsory to get jobs. (which was brought down to 4 years by agitation of JAI ANDHRA in 1970’s)

7. Andhra people should not buy lands of Telangana farmers (implementation of this point need not be explained by me).

8. Cabinet allocation must be in ration of 3:2(Andhra: Telangana) and a Muslim from Telangana must be in the cabinet.

List Of CM's

Andhra CM's	Duration Of Period
Brhamanand Reddy	7 YEARs and 7MONTHS
NT RAMA RAO	7YEARs and 6MONTHS
Nadendla Bhaskar Rao	1 MONTH
Nedurumalli Janardhan reddy	1 YEAR and 10 MONTHS
Bavanam Venkatreddy	9 MONTHS
TOTAL	17 Years and 9 Months

Rayalaseema CM's	Duration Of Period
Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy(2 Times)	5YEARs and 2MONTHS
Dhamodaram Sanjeeviah	2YEARs and 2MONTHS
Vijay Bhaskar Reddy	2YEARs and6 MONTHs
Chandrababu Naidu	8 YEAR and 8 MONTHS
Rajashekar Reddy	5YEARS and 6 MONTHS
TOTAL	23 Years and 11 Months

TELANGANA CM's	Duration Of Period
P.V Narasimha Rao	1 YEAR and 4 MONTHS
Marri Chenna Reddy(2 times)	3 YEARs and 7 MONTHS
T. Anjaiah	1 YEAR and 4 MONTHS
TOTAL	4 Years and 2 Months
President Rule	9 Months

The only two commonalities in between these two regions is they speak Telugu and they are all Indians. The story of Rayalaseema was altogether different, after winning Rayalaseema which was in hands of different rulers Britishers included it in its madras presidency.

Now let us try to look into things that happened after independence.

· Nizam who remained here had no political significance he feared the charges of genocide and left to turkey with his family, and what was left in Telangana was a huge power vacuum.

· Andhra region was lucky enough as they had a first hand experience of how things will run in post independence India because Indian union adopted the same British democracy which Andhra people were well acquaintance with.

· Local landlords of Telangana remained intact as they were not talking of union with Pakistan and Delhi did not feel they were a threat to the union. Moreover as the landlords had access to modern education they realized the benefit of joining the congress party. Now the people of Telangana fell into the fire from the pan, the new enemy was a part of the system and any move against them will be counted as an outlaw

Why is this Agitation for?

· The whole story in India and even in Telangana starts here, as it is free India now everyone has equal right on assets. But practically land lords were holding long stretches of land and were reluctant to give the rights
Here the ruling party at the centre (I need not name it) found a best way to solve this problem the same old way of asking and persuading which brought us freedom.

This might work in every other place but will that work in Telangana?

The answer would be NO because we did not beg for freedom, we SNATCHED it from the oppressor and so will be the case of lands, so began the struggle for the land. That is why the Naxalbury movement on 1967 turned into an alternate solution for the problems of land distribution in Telangana, the state which should look after its people once again stood by the oppressor and crushed the people of Telangana.( please
read about the radical movement against the local land lords from any sources you have)


Struggle of 1969:
This movement was raised by Marri Chenna Reddy when kasu Bramhananda Reddy was the then CM of AP, people agitated fiercely and the new PM Inidra Gandhi was observing the events (as what Sonia Gandhi is doing now). Nearly 400 people (90% students) of Telangana died. In 1969 few points were made to ease the tensions:

1. All the employees who got employment against the rules shall be removed ( not implemented till date)
2. Action against those who got in with JAALI certificates ( no action taken against any such persons)
3. Extension of mulki rules to local administration.
4. Seniority must be respected as per the Supreme Court orders.
5. Funds siphoned from Telangana must be given back ( ?????)
6. Increase the educational facilities in Hyderabad (nothing from government was established but we can feel the heat of Andhra corporate colleges here in Telangana now)

Telangana praja samiti party won 10 MP (Member of Parliament) seats but same old story of noble men, treachery followed victory. All the winners joined in congress and Chenna Reddy became CM of AP and  hence called off the struggle.

You find statues of potti sriramulu all over AP but all the 400 odd who died in 1969 Separate Telangana agitation did not find place even in Government records.



JAI ANDHRA movement:


Supreme Court of India denied to accept the case filed by people of Andhra region and solidified the MULKI rules, then started Jai Andhra movement and result was a death blow to Telangana, the following decisions were taken to ease the tensions:

1. All the mulki rules were quashed
2. Telangana regional committee was cancelled

3. People started claiming Hyderabad as FREE ZONE (it is written no where in records about free zone)
4. Period of residence brought down from 12 to 4 years
5. Govt stopped maintaining separate accounts for both the regions

EDUCATION

	Andhra	Rayalaseema	Telangana
Junior colleges	266	138	176
Degree colleges	167	70	74
All kinds of schools	26,786	12,857	17,594
Teachers in schools	88,435	38,552	65,040
Literacy rate	39%	38%	30%
Amount spent onaided Juniorcolleges (in crores)	17.4	7.73	2.63
Amount spent onaided Juniorcolleges (in crores)from 1969	365	162	55
Amount spent onaided degreecolleges (in crores)	38.52	8.74	5.76
Amount spent onaided Juniorcolleges (in crores)from 1956	848	181	121
Primary schools (%)	48	23	29

                                                                                             *Information as per 2001-02 government records


At any point Telangana with its 10 districts is either given a status equal to or less than Rayalaseema with 4 districts, now if you compare with Andhra the picture will be horrifying!

For every 1 lakh Andhra people and 70,000 Rayalaseema people there is a government junior college and in Telangana for every 6 lakhs students there is a government junior college. In case of govt degree college in both the regions for every 1,75,000 students there is a college and 3,75,000 Telangana students have a  college.

UNIVERSITIES:

Osmania was established by Nizam in 1918 so that cant be a credit of AP, now let us look
at the universities in AP:

	Andhra+Rayalaseema	Telangana
1	Nagarjuna University- Guntur : 1976	National Institute of Technology-warangal-1959
2	Srikrishna devaraya University- Anantapur:1978	Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University –Hyderabad-1964
3	Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam - Tirupathi : 1983	Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University- Hyderabad-1972
4	NTR University of Health Sciences – Vijayawada : 1986	The English & Foreign language university- Hyderabad-upgraded to university in-1973
5	Dravida bhasa University-kuppam-2002	kakatiya University-warangal-1976
6	Vemana University- kadapa-2006	Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open university- Hyderabad- 1982
7	Raja Raja narendra University-rajamundry-2006	Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University- Hyderabad-1985
8	Andhra University-vishakapatnam-1925 (this cant be credited to independent India)	Maulana Azad National Urdu University- Hyderabad-1998
9	Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha- Tirupathi (Chittoor) -1985	International Institute of Information Technology-Hyderabad-1998
10	Sri Vinkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (upgraded to medical university in 1995)	Telangana University-nizamabad-2006...____ 11.Mahatma Gandhi university- Nalgonda-2006

UNIVERSITIES ESTABLISHED AFTER FORMATION OF AP
Andhra+Rayalaseema
Nagarjuna University,Guntur	1976
Sri Krishna Devaraya University,Ananthapur	1978
SRI PADMAVATHI MAHILA VISWAVIDYALAM,Tirupathi	1983
Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha ,Chittoor	1985
NTR University of Health. Sciences, Vijayawada	1986
Dravidian University, Kuppam	2002
Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa	2006
raja raja narendra university rajahmundry	2006

UNIVERSITIES ESTABLISHED AFTER FORMATION OF AP
Telangana
Kakathiya University ,warangal	1976
TELANGANA UNIVERSITY, Nizamabad	2006

University of Hyderabad was established in 1974, it is similar to all other central universities 80% of its seats should be filled by local (Telangana students) as per the initial rules but once again think rationally in 1970’s you establish a central university for P.G’s and further education what was the basic qualification in Telangana at that time? What was the political scene then? Were people ready for it? Result administration felt that seats are not being filled, so they are now being filled by people from all over India and other regions of AP. Many of the colleges in Telangana region as you see are limited to Hyderabad and here government calls that they lie in Telangana but recruitment is done by treating them as free zone colleges.

JOBS

	Andhra	Rayalaseema	Telangana
I.A.S	115	19	27
I.P.S	50	19	20
I.F.S	48	6	20
High Court Judges	15	2	8
Judges in Telangana Courts	69	13	31
Telangana Engineering College Principals	7	1	25
Andhra Engineering College Principals	27	-	--
Rayalaseema Engineering College Principals	2	10	-
N.G Ranga College Principals	9	4	-
N.G Ranga Board Members	9	2	4
APPSC Board Members	7	6	2
Officers in Commercial Tax Office	418	42	161
Collectors	10	1	-
Vice Chancellors	10	2	5
Registrars(Universities)	6	7	4
Information Technology Officers	5	-	-

610 GO (Government Order):

The then CM N.T. Rama Rao on 30th December 1985 issued G.O number 610 to correct the mistakes in allocation of jobs from 1975 to 1985. Its main function was to transfer the Andhra employees to their region and Telangana people will be given jobs in that vacated places. And 31st march 1986 was dead line for its implementation.

High lights of 610 G.O:
1. All job holders filled in contrast with the rules must be sent back by 31st march 1986.
2. All non gazette cadre employees appointed under Jurala, Srisailam ,Sri ram Sagar projects should be transferred to their zones.
3. Strict action against those who turned to mal practices
4. All appeals regarding this issues must be solved by 31st march 1986
5. All appointments that took place after presidential order must be corrected by 31st march 1986 As per 1986 calculations 59,000 such jobs were given to non locals in Telangana region and no discrepancies in Rayalaseema and Andhra regions.
Now what is the solution as per 610 G.O?
Simple and straight the jobs of non locals increased to 2,50,000 + in 20 years of time after 1986
.
I don’t know why great legendary C.M’s words are not implemented?
How will be the implementation of GO 610 is possible, the orders are implemented by secretariat, by this time you might have understood which region people work in secretariat. Over a period of time people of Telangana were not given jobs only for the reason that they cant read and write proper telugu! Apply a bit rationality 224 years of Urdu rule and all of a sudden you ask us to compete with Andhra region. Is this a way a people’s govt deal with its people?

The Questions regarding Hyderabad:

“Hyderabad is developed by us (Andhra people)”-
I feel puzzled when I hear this sentence from few (under educated) youth , once again into the history when the great floods of 1900’s ravaged away the Hyderabad, Nizam ordered engineers to design the city in a proper way the result was moksha gundam vishveshwarayya the legendary civil engineer designed the city with good sanitary system with well lined drainages canals to discharge the downpour etc., the city was constructed for growing population on calculated basis (ask a civil engineer you will know how this can be done ).

Now the only aberration here is the addition of 13 more districts to Telangana districts and Hyderabad was named as the capital. What kind of justice is this? Taxes of Telangana people were used to build the capital and who are enjoying it?

“We (people of Andhra) brought infrastructure to Hyderabad”-

Its the worlds most pathetic joke I ever heard. What was the capital of Andhra Rastra? KURNOOL, fine where was its secretariat? Guess where? It was in tents.

Now Hyderabad was a place with an Airport, Railway lines to connect it to main land(built by nizam) , and of all the greatest technical advantage is the one who knows to use it is now in Turkey and the one who should actually use them are struggling to survive and secure their rights.

Now all those offices and buildings were used by the new govt of Andhra Pradesh.

Yes things were also built here even after unification of state but to my doubt were all those things were of no use to settlers? Did they build them just for philanthropic purpose? And if the people of coastal Andhra were that great in their Entrepreneurship skills they could have invested it right there where they were and developed it. This clearly indicates that they had some easy benefits which brought them here.

“Telangana is backward”:

1. Few intellectuals (please read it rather as fools) argue that Telangana is rather backward, after reading the data that I gave it will be easy for you to understand how good was its GDP when it was it with nizam, though despotic Nizam rulers built industries, how many big industries did Telangana get after 1956 and how many did Andhra region get. And now nizam sugars which gave a huge sum of Rs 6 lakhs as a relief fund during 1962 Indo-china war is no more a public sector (owned by people’s govt) company it is in the hands of private management.

2. Read about the glory in Mahboobnagar and Karimnagar from any sources, you understand the pathetic condition of them after the unification.

3. If some would argue that we had problem of radical movement, then the state and such people should be ashamed of blaming them. Radicals are different from dacoits and thugs they are born out of system which is incompetent to solve their problem. Here people prefer not to live in darkness and accept the terms imposed on them. 

4. Many people accuse people of Telangana as people who lack interest in development here is a straight question for those people what is development? First you define it and go ahead with the discussion; development varies from region to region. We need peace and security to develope , which Telangana lacked almost till 1990’s and who is to be blamed for it ? Obviously Both the centre and state governments  

now if some one say that state was busy dealing with such matters then let them advice what else could  people do if they were being persecuted by the very forces of state?

5. And can you please find a person in this world who does not want good health facilities? Good education? Security? And a respectful and peaceful life? Some one claim that they bring investment which we lack, then let them take it back, no one would have stopped the British if they took away the parliament building , Raisina palace(raj bhavanpresidential palace of India), prakasham barrage which they built during their rule. Did they built these all just for us to look and feel the beauty? No they had some use out of it and so are the investments of the settlers.

Now after decades long fight against landlords’ things turned to normalcy in rural Telangana, but we lost more that 4 decades in that now you suddenly announce the liberalization in 1990’s and ask business men of Telangana to compete with Andhra business men? Is the race between two equals or between unequal’s? Now to fill the gap business men from North India also came with their huge investments to AP to establish their companies. Even if a Business men from Telangana wants to invest by borrowing a loan from a bank whom will the bank issue a loan? To a company which has huge amount of security and history or to a person who came from no where? The answer is known. People of Telangana are not against the people who are poor, poor people will migrate only when there is no other choice left for them , we are against the

greedy land grabbers and industrialists. Now the state (India) says if separate state is created it will be hub of Maoists and they point their fingers at Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh! It is senseless to say so giving a separate state does not mean it is the end the centre has to take some additional care, human being with this long history of evolution will always take care of a pregnant women and mother with an infant, we won’t leave them expecting them to learn from the history. If a state with such a great mechanism can’t utilize its resources to take care of its people then what use of that state will be? Don’t you know what happened to Mughal empire and Roman empire?

FEW FREQUENTLY RAISED (SILLY) ARGUMENTS

“It is good to be one as we all speak a common language”


The concept of discrimination starts from naming of the state when Marathi speaking people named their state as Maharashtra, Guajarati people as Gujarat, Tamil speaking people as Tamil nadu, why did they name telugu speaking people as Andhra Pradesh why could not this be Telugu Nadu or Telugu Pradesh?

If common language is the base of unity then why did British and USA fight 2 bitter wars (1776 & 1812) though they speak common language? If u say that they are not geographically connected then atleast say why does not Canada and USA cant join to form a nation, they both speak English right? Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Haryana, Delhi all speak in Hindi should we combine them? Will they accept it?

Go to Scotland and ask any one are you English? Then he will angrily reply that he is a Scottish, and the bombs of Ireland republican association went off till last decade in streets of London. Even though their struggle traces back to 13th century Scottish and Irish people kept their struggle alive. The argument is simple it is not language or land that make a state it is the people and culture make them a state. State stands for people but not a land mass. They concept of centralizing everything is a myth you cant run this big country sitting in Delhi until and unless it shows some respect to regional feelings. Why did all the previous empires did not withstand in India. Could Alla-Ud-Din-khilji and mughal rulers establish their authority by force?



“Telangana will once again move into muslim domination”-

There is no place for communalism (atleast) in Telangana, when Razakars of nizam of were harassing people of Telangana many Muslim youth stood by the side of the oppressed, maqdoom moinuddin is the best example for it.

Abid Hassan was the deputy of Subash Chandra Bose in INA and he hails from Hyderabad. Go and look in rural Telangana who will dance for PIR’s Of Muslims? And there is no need for Muslims to prove their patriotism. Telangana has common enemies as the poor of other parts of world has hunger, corruption, oppression, inequality, are our enemies but not a single religion and we will fight the inequality till victory is ours.


“Demand for separate state will lead to disintegration of country”


If that is the case Telangana was a separate country altogether for 13 months why did people fight to join Indian union? Our fight isn’t like Khalistan or any other separatist movement. Just refer to contributions of Telangana during 1962 indo china war and other national catastrophes? Time has come to correct the policy at the centre. The centre must take care of only Finance, Defense & external affairs it should give chance for the states to evolve, people of north east, Telangana, vidharabha, bhundelkhand, etc., must be given a chance to prove themselves they must be given time to evolve and understand the main stream
system